The Orkney Islands, located off the north coast of Scotland, are a treasure trove of prehistoric sites that bear witness to ancient civilizations. While the Ring of Brodgar and Skara Brae are famous, the true essence of Orkney lies in its lesser-known sites. These offer a more intimate glimpse into the past, without the crowds. Whether you are a history enthusiast or simply curious about ancient cultures, visiting these sites is an enriching experience. This guide will help you navigate your way through these hidden gems on the Orkney Islands.
Planning Your Visit
When planning a visit to the Orkney Islands, it’s crucial to map out your itinerary to make the most of your time. Due to the location of these islands, reaching them requires a bit of foresight. First, you will need to book a ferry from the Scottish mainland. The ferry services are frequent and range from the NorthLink Ferries departing from Aberdeen or Scrabster to Pentland Ferries from Gills Bay. Each offers a picturesque journey to the islands.
Upon arrival, the main town of Kirkwall will likely be your base. Kirkwall, with its charming blend of modern amenities and historical architecture, provides an excellent starting point. From there, you can rent a car or join local tours to explore the islands. Local tours often include knowledgeable guides who can provide deeper insights into the history and significance of the sites.
Accommodation is abundant and varied, from cozy bed and breakfasts to luxury hotels. Booking in advance, especially during the summer months, ensures that you have a comfortable place to rest after a day of exploring. Whether you’re staying in hotels in Orkney or opting for more remote lodgings, you’ll find a warm Scottish welcome.
Discovering Hidden Prehistoric Sites
The heart of Neolithic Orkney is filled with historic sites that are less crowded but equally captivating. One such site is the Stones of Stenness, an impressive stone circle dating back over 5,000 years. Though smaller than the Ring of Brodgar, the Stones of Stenness offer a more personal experience. Here, you can marvel at the massive stones and imagine the rituals that might have taken place all those years ago.
Another remarkable but often overlooked site is the Brough of Birsay. This tidal island is accessible only at low tide, adding a sense of adventure to your visit. The Brough of Birsay was a Pictish and Norse settlement, and remnants of its chambered cairn and other structures remain. Walking among these ancient ruins, you get a palpable sense of history that predates modern civilization.
For a truly off-the-beaten-path experience, consider visiting Papa Westray. This small island houses the Knap of Howar, which is said to be the oldest preserved stone house in northern Europe. The structures date back to 3,700 BC, offering a unique insight into the lives of Neolithic farmers. Additionally, the island itself is a haven for birdwatchers, adding another dimension to your visit.
Exploring Stone Circles and Standing Stones
Orkney’s stone circles and standing stones are among the most intriguing aspects of the islands. While the Ring of Brodgar and the Stones of Stenness are the most famous, the islands are dotted with lesser-known circles and solitary stones that are no less fascinating.
One such site is the Barnhouse Settlement, located near the Stones of Stenness. This site contains the remains of several stone houses and hints at a complex Neolithic society. The settlement is thought to have been contemporaneous with Skara Brae, and visiting both offers a comprehensive picture of life thousands of years ago.
Another significant site is the Ring of Bookan, often overshadowed by its more famous counterparts. However, this stone circle, though partially destroyed, provides significant insights into the ceremonial practices of the time. The Ring of Bookan is associated with the ritual landscape of Neolithic Orkney and is a testament to the island’s ancient heritage.
The Stone Circle at Brodgar, apart from the main ring, includes smaller stone circles and solitary standing stones scattered across the landscape. These stones likely held ceremonial or communal significance and are often situated in locations with stunning views of the surrounding islands.
Embracing the Neolithic Heritage
Visiting Orkney is not just about seeing ancient stones; it’s about immersing yourself in the Neolithic heritage that defines the islands. The Neolithic Orkney UNESCO World Heritage Site encompasses several key locations, each telling a part of the story of the people who lived there thousands of years ago.
The Cairns of Eday is a notable site that includes several chambered cairns, which were used as communal burial sites. These cairns offer a window into the funerary practices and beliefs of ancient societies. Exploring these chambered cairns, you can almost feel the presence of the people who built and used them.
Another site of interest is the Cuween Hill Chambered Cairn, located on the Mainland of Orkney. The cairn dates back to around 3,000 BC and is known for the discovery of dog skulls within its chambers, suggesting that dogs held a special place in Neolithic society. The cairn is accessible to visitors, and crawling through its narrow passageways is a thrilling experience.
The Wideford Hill Cairn is another remarkable site. This chambered cairn, located on a hill overlooking Kirkwall, offers breathtaking views of the surrounding islands. The cairn is partially reconstructed, providing an excellent opportunity to understand its original structure and purpose.
Making the Most of Your Trip
To truly appreciate the prehistoric sites of Orkney, it’s beneficial to take your time and absorb the atmosphere of each location. Hiring a knowledgeable guide or joining a specialized tour can greatly enhance your understanding and appreciation of these ancient sites. Local guides often have a wealth of information about the history, archaeology, and myths associated with the sites.
In addition to the prehistoric sites, Orkney offers a rich cultural experience. Visiting the Orkney Museum in Kirkwall is an excellent way to round out your trip. The museum houses a collection of artifacts from the Neolithic period, providing context and depth to what you’ve seen in the field.
Food and drink in Orkney also deserve special mention. The islands boast a variety of local delicacies, from fresh seafood to traditional Scottish dishes. Dining in local restaurants not only satisfies your taste buds but also supports the local economy.
When planning your trip, consider the seasonal weather and daylight hours. The best time to visit is during the summer months when the days are long, and the weather is mild. However, visiting in the off-season has its own charm and offers a quieter, more solitary experience of the sites.
Accommodation options range from luxury hotels to charming bed and breakfasts. Staying in hotels in Orkney offers the convenience and comfort after a day of exploring. For a unique experience, consider staying in more remote lodgings, which provide a closer connection to the landscapes and history of Orkney.
Visiting the lesser-known prehistoric sites on Orkney Islands is a journey back in time, offering a rare glimpse into an ancient world. From the Stones of Stenness to the Brough of Birsay, each site tells a story of the people who lived there thousands of years ago.
By planning your visit carefully, exploring the hidden gems, and immersing yourself in the Neolithic heritage, you can make the most of your trip to Orkney. Whether you are a seasoned traveler or a history enthusiast, the Orkney Islands promise a captivating and enriching experience.
Embark on this journey of discovery, and let the ancient stones of Orkney reveal their secrets to you.
